
" The Great American City" – taken from Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Norman Mailer's book Miami and the Siege of Chicago (1968): "Chicago is the great American city." Heart of America" – Chicago is one of the largest transportation centers in America, and its location was once near the center of the United States.Daley's tenure as mayor, describing Chicago as a blue-collar, hard-working city, which ran relatively smoothly " The City that Works" – slogan from Richard J." City by the Lake" – used as early as the 1890s."Mud City" – possibly the oldest nickname for the city, referring to the fact that the terrain of the city used to be a mud flat.JSTOR ( November 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Nicknames of Chicago" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.

This section needs additional citations for verification. Īn etymology popularized by tour guides suggests that it refers to the rebuilding of the city following the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. The slogan was replaced with another in 2022. In 2011, Chicago announced its adoption of the slogan "Second to None", a protest stance indirectly referring to Liebling's publications. The Chicago-based improv comedy group The Second City references Liebling's book in their self-mocking name. He complains about Chicago's economic decline, rampant organized crime and political corruption, declining population, outdated schools of thought, and general dependency on the cities along the east coast. In it, Liebling writes about his hatred for Chicago and contrasts it to his hometown New York City. Liebling, later combined into a book titled Chicago: The Second City (1952).

"Second City" originates as an insult from a series of articles in The New Yorker by A. J. The popularity of the nickname endures to this day, more than a century after the Cincinnati rivalry ended. The first known repeated effort to label Chicago with this nickname is from 1876 and involves Chicago's rivalry with Cincinnati.

The earliest known reference to the "Windy City" was actually to Green Bay in 1856. The city of Chicago has been known by many nicknames, but it is most widely recognized as the " Windy City". This newspaper article was published by the Cleveland Gazette in 1885
